Knots by purpose/function: backing-to-reel ~ backing-to-fly line ~ leader-to-fly line ~ leader-to-leader ~ leader-to-fly ~ loop knots ~ specialty knots 

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"Albright Knot"

Purpose:  The "Albright Knot" is used in fly fishing primarily when connecting two vastly different sized diameters, or types of, line materials, together.  This usually involves the connection of heavy monofilament or wire for specialized leaders.  This knot is most frequently seen where large, "toothy" fish  are the quarry (e.g., northern pike, saltwater species, etc.), and regular tippet material is inadequate.  It is also a good knot to use to affix the backing to the fly line.

Step 1:  Hold the existing leader, represented here by the larger diameter line, in your left hand; using about 5" of tag end in the material being tied to it, make a loop to the top; holding the leader in your right hand, start a wrap as shown;

Step 2:  Wrap the tag end of the material being added around itself and the leader loop 8-9 times;

Step 3:  Then insert the tag end of the new material back through the loop as shown;

Step 4:  To tighten, hold the leader in your left hand, and pull both the tag and running line sections of the appending material to cinch down the wraps; 

Step 5:  When snugged up, the Albright Knot should look something like this before final tightening and trimming;

Tie a few of these "Albright Knots" on your own.  This one is fun, don't you think?  (And you thought it was going to be really hard.)

Step 6:   The last step is to trim the tag ends of both sections of material.

Next: Arbor Knot